代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。
單數(shù)：
主格：I/you/he/she/it
賓格：me/you/him/her/it
復(fù)數(shù)：
主格：we/you/they
賓格：us/you/them
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如：
i like table tennis. (作主語(yǔ))
do you know him?(作賓語(yǔ))
3)人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：
---whos is knocking at the door?
---it’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
he is older than me.
he is older than i am.
2 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性。
形容詞性物主代詞：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their
名詞性物主代詞：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：
our teacher is coming to see us.
this is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語(yǔ))
--- is this english-book yours? (作表語(yǔ))
--- no. mine is in my bag.
i've already finished my homework. have you finished yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
3 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those
則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：
this is a pen and that is a pencil.
we are busy these days.
in those days the workers had a hard time.
2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：
i had a cold. that's why i didn't come.
what i want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning english.
3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，�？捎胻hat或those代替，例如：
television sets made in beijing are just as good as those made in shanghai.
4)this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如：
hello! this is mary. is that jack speaking?
4 反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞。
第一人稱單數(shù)：myself 復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves
第二人稱單數(shù)：yourself 復(fù)數(shù)：yourselves
第三人稱單數(shù)：himself/herself/itself 復(fù)數(shù)：themselves
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。
1)作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人
或一些人。
he called himself a writer.
would you please express yourself in english?
2)作表語(yǔ)。
it doesn't matter.i'll be myself soon.
the girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。
i myself washed the clothes.(=i washed the clothes myself.)(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
you should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)�，F(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：
1 some與any的區(qū)別
1.some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
look! some of the students are cleaning the library.
some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2.any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
if you have any questions, please ask me.
there isn't any orange in the bottle.
have you got any tea?
3.any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
how many people can you see in the picture?
i can't see any.
if you have no money, i'll lend you some.
注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2 few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別
①用作形容詞：
i'm going to buy a few apples.
he can speak only a little chinese.
there is only a little milk in the glass.
he has few friends.
they had little money with them.
�、赼 little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
i'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)
let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)
mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí))
she slept very little last night.
3 other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別
another 代名詞，單數(shù)，另一個(gè)
others 代名詞，復(fù)數(shù)，別人，其他人
another (boy) 形容詞，單數(shù)，另一個(gè)(男孩)
other (boys) 形容詞，復(fù)數(shù)，其他男孩
the other 另一個(gè)
the others 其余那些人、物
the other (boy) 另一個(gè)男孩
the other (boys) 其余那些男孩
①other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。
where are his other books?
i haven't any other books except this one.
�、趏ther也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
he has two brothers. one is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
she held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
③other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ...., others ...”句型。
some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
this coat is too large. show me some others, please.
�、�“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。
we got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
in our class only tom is english, the others are chinese.
⑤another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one.
you can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. would you please show her another one?
�、轪nother也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。
i'm still hungry after i've had this cake. please give me another.
4 every與each的區(qū)別
the teacher gave a toy to each child.
each ball has a different colour.
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。
every student loves the english teacher. = all students love the english teacher.
every child likes playing. = all children like playing.
5 all和both的用法
①all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
all of us like mr pope. 我們都喜歡pope先生。(作主語(yǔ))
= we all like mr pope. (作同位語(yǔ))
all the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ))
that's all for today. (作表語(yǔ))
why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ))
all the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))
�、赽oth作代詞。
a.與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。
lucy and lily both agree with us.
they both passed on their sticks at the same time.
how are your parents? they're both fine.
b.與“of +代詞(或名詞)”連用，表示“兩者都”。
both of them came to see mary.
both of the books are very interesting.
c.單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者(都)”。
michael has two sons. both are clever.
i don't know which book is the better, i shall read both.
�、踒oth用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。
both his younger sisters are our classmates.
there are tall trees on both sides of the street.
相互代詞
表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。
we should learn from each other / one another. (作賓語(yǔ))
do you often write to each other / one another? (作賓語(yǔ))
we often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定語(yǔ))
the students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.(作定語(yǔ))
疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑
問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：
who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主語(yǔ))
what is that? (作表語(yǔ))
whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ))
whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：
i hate people who talk much but do little.
i’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
with the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.
do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?